Use of non-invasive stimulation in movement disorders: a critical review.
Clecio de Oliveira Godeiro-JuniorCarina FrançaRafael Bernhart CarraFelipe SabaRoberta Arb SabaDébora Palma MaiaPedro BrandãoNasser AllamCarlos Roberto de Mello RiederFernando Cini FreitasTamine T C CapatoMariana SpitzDanilo Donizete de FariaMarcela Ferreira CordelliniBeatriz A A G VeigaMaria Sheila Guimarães RochaRicardo Oliveira Horta MacielLucio B De MeloPatricia D S MöllerMagno R R JúniorLuis Henrique Tieppo FornariCarlos Eduardo ManteseEgberto Reis BarbosaRenato Puppi MunhozMarcus Vinicius Della ColettaRubens Gisbert CuryPublished in: Arquivos de neuro-psiquiatria (2021)
There is encouraging evidence for the use of noninvasive stimulation on a subset of symptoms in selected movement disorders, although the means to optimize protocols for improving positive outcomes in routine clinical practice remain undetermined. Similarly, the best stimulation paradigms and responder profile need to be investigated in large clinical trials with established therapeutic and assessment paradigms that could also allow genuine long-term benefits to be determined.