Rare Carbon-Bridged Citrinin Dimers from the Starfish-Derived Symbiotic Fungus Penicillium sp. GGF16-1-2.
Hao FanZhi-Mian ShiYan-Hu LeiMei-Xia Si-TuFeng-Guo ZhouChan FengCui-Xian ZhangXue-Hua ShaoYang ChenCui-Xian ZhangPublished in: Marine drugs (2022)
Four novel, rare carbon-bridged citrinin dimers, namely dicitrinones G-J ( 1 - 4 ), and five known analogs ( 5 - 9 ) were isolated from the starfish-derived fungus Penicillium sp. GGF 16-1-2. Their structures were elucidated by extensive spectroscopic analysis and quantum chemical calculations. Compounds 1 - 9 exhibited strong antifungal activities against Colletotrichum gloeosporioides with LD 50 values from 0.61 μg/mL to 16.14 μg/mL. Meanwhile, all compounds were evaluated for their cytotoxic activities against human pancreatic cancer BXPC-3 and PANC-1 cell lines; as a result, compound 1 showed more significant cytotoxicities than the positive control against both cell lines. In addition, based on the analyses of the protein-protein interaction (PPI) network and Western blot, 1 could induce apoptosis by activating caspase 3 proteins (CASP3).
Keyphrases
- protein protein
- small molecule
- molecular docking
- molecular dynamics
- cell death
- endothelial cells
- oxidative stress
- molecular dynamics simulations
- endoplasmic reticulum stress
- candida albicans
- density functional theory
- induced pluripotent stem cells
- monte carlo
- cell cycle arrest
- pluripotent stem cells
- energy transfer