Risk-adapted therapy for the management of cytokine release syndrome in children undergoing unmanipulated haploidentical stem cell transplantation.

A risk-stratified approach using steroids in grade 2 and tocilizumab in grade 3/4 in the setting of haploSCT with NAC infusion and early use of low-dose adrenaline and HFNC can help provide adequate control of CRS, thereby ensuring optimal outcomes and survival.