Glial-neuronal signaling mechanisms underlying the neuroinflammatory effects of manganese.
Katriana A PopichakMaryam F AfzaliKelly S KirkleyRonald B TjalkensPublished in: Journal of neuroinflammation (2018)
This suggests that astrocytes are a critical mediator of Mn neurotoxicity through enhanced expression of inflammatory cytokines and chemokines, including those most associated with a reactive phenotype such as CCL2 but not C3.