Placebo effects on all-cause mortality of COVID-19 patients in randomized controlled trials of interleukin-6 antagonists: a systematic review and network meta-analysis.

These findings suggest the potential influence of placebo effects on the treatment outcomes of COVID-19 in RCTs. When evaluating the efficacy of treatment strategies for COVID-19, it is crucial to consider the use of placebo in the design of clinical trials. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.