Imaging Biomarkers of Osteoarthritis.

Currently no disease-modifying osteoarthritis drug has been approved for the treatment of osteoarthritis (OA) that can reverse, hold, or slow the progression of structural damage of OA-affected joints. The reasons for failure are manifold and include the heterogeneity of structural disease of the OA joint at trial inclusion, and the sensitivity of biomarkers used to measure a potential treatment effect.This article discusses the role and potential of different imaging biomarkers in OA research. We review the current role of radiography, as well as advances in quantitative three-dimensional morphological cartilage assessment and semiquantitative whole-organ assessment of OA. Although magnetic resonance imaging has evolved as the leading imaging method in OA research, recent developments in computed tomography are also discussed briefly. Finally, we address the experience from the Foundation for the National Institutes of Health Biomarker Consortium biomarker qualification study and the future role of artificial intelligence.