Botulinum toxin complications in registered and off-label aesthetic indications.

Marina LandauMark S NestorAda Trindade de Almeida Al-Niaimi Firas

Published in: Journal of cosmetic dermatology (2020)

Botulinum toxin A (BTXA) is one of the most popular nonsurgical cosmetic procedures worldwide. Overall, this procedure is associated with favorable complications profile. Nevertheless, any medical intervention carries inherent risks. This synopsis systematically reviews adverse effects of aesthetic BTXA for both approved and off-label indications. Based on published data, the approach for prevention and management is discussed.

Keyphrases

botulinum toxin
risk factors
randomized controlled trial
breast reconstruction
healthcare
electronic health record
patient satisfaction
big data
human health
meta analyses
risk assessment
machine learning