Association between COVID-19 and angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors with the spotlight on zinc: an opinion.
Bashar KhiatahAmylee AmosDeborah CarlsonPublished in: Annals of medicine (2021)
In the setting of the raging COVID-19 pandemic, the search for innovative therapeutics is desperately sought after. As we learn more about the characteristics and metabolic health of patients and as our understanding of COVID-19 pathophysiology and treatment progresses, so is our understanding of medication effects that might increase disease severity. As of late, ACE inhibitors have been under investigation for a potential increase in illness severity due to ACE2 upregulation. Given our knowledge of other nutrient-pharmaceutical interactions, could the ACE inhibitor impact on COVID be due to something else? In this paper, we discuss the possibility that ACE inhibitors might be affecting COVID-19 patients by causing zinc insufficiency.KEY MESSAGESZinc deficiency caused by chronic ACE inhibitor usage may exacerbate the pathogenicity of COVID-19 in susceptible patients.A multi-center study is needed to assess the zinc levels of patients with COVID-19 who are taking ACE inhibitors and other medications that may result in low zinc levels.
Keyphrases
- angiotensin converting enzyme
- angiotensin ii
- sars cov
- coronavirus disease
- end stage renal disease
- ejection fraction
- healthcare
- chronic kidney disease
- newly diagnosed
- prognostic factors
- emergency department
- public health
- cell proliferation
- poor prognosis
- signaling pathway
- staphylococcus aureus
- long non coding rna
- respiratory syndrome coronavirus
- cystic fibrosis
- risk assessment
- candida albicans
- adverse drug
- patient reported