Anlotinib induces a T cell-inflamed tumor microenvironment by facilitating vessel normalization and enhances the efficacy of PD1 checkpoint blockade in neuroblastoma.

To our knowledge, this study is the first to dynamically evaluate the effect of a multitarget antiangiogenic tyrosine kinase inhibitor on the TME. These findings have very important clinical value in guiding the testing of related drugs in NB and other cancers. Based on these findings, we are conducting a phase II clinical study (NCT04842526) on the efficacy and safety of anlotinib, irinotecan and temozolomide in the treatment of refractory or relapsed NB, and hopefully we will observe patient benefit.