Reducing challenging behaviours among children and adolescents with intellectual disabilities in community settings: a systematic review of interventions.

Background: Challenging behaviours are common among children and adolescents with intellectual disabilities. Such behaviours often result in poor quality of life outcomes such as physical injury, difficulties with relationships and community integration. Aim: This systematic review aimed to synthesise evidence from studies that assessed the effect of interventions used to reduce/manage challenging behaviour among children with intellectual disabilities in community settings. Methods: Studies published between January 2015 and January 2021 were sought from five electronic databases. The quality of studies was assessed, and a narrative synthesis was conducted. Results: A total of 11 studies were included which utilised various non-pharmacological interventions including multi-model interventions, microswitch technology, cognitive behavioural therapy, art, music and illustrated stories. Microswitch cluster technology was the most used intervention. Studies using pharmacological interventions were not retrieved. Results indicated that a person-centred planning approach was key to offering individualised treatment. Conclusions: The superiority of one intervention or a combination of interventions could not be determined from this review given the heterogeneity of studies. Future research is required to explore the use and effects of pharmacological interventions to compare outcomes and improve quality of care of children with intellectual disabilities.