Since the outbreak of the COVID-19 pandemic, the use of antiviral and other available drugs has been considered to combat or reduce the clinical symptoms of patients. In this regard, it would be necessary to choose sensitive and selective analytical techniques for pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic studies, monitoring of drug concentration in biological fluids, and determination of the most appropriate dose to achieve the desired effect on the disease. In the present study, the analytical techniques based on spectroscopy and chromatography with different detectors for diagnosis and determination of candidate drugs in the treatment of COVID-19 in human biological fluids are reviewed during the period 2015-2022. Moreover, various sample preparation and extraction techniques, are being used for this purpose, such as protein precipitation (PP), solid-phase extraction (SPE), liquid-liquid extraction (LLE), and QuEChERS (quick, easy, cheap, effective, rugged, and safe) are investigated.
Keyphrases
- solid phase extraction
- liquid chromatography
- molecularly imprinted
- tandem mass spectrometry
- high performance liquid chromatography
- liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry
- simultaneous determination
- ultra high performance liquid chromatography
- high resolution mass spectrometry
- mass spectrometry
- gas chromatography mass spectrometry
- gas chromatography
- coronavirus disease
- endothelial cells
- sars cov
- end stage renal disease
- high resolution
- pluripotent stem cells
- ejection fraction
- ms ms
- drug induced
- newly diagnosed
- emergency department
- patient reported outcomes
- chronic kidney disease
- binding protein
- peritoneal dialysis
- amino acid
- single molecule
- physical activity
- combination therapy