Activated Macrophages of Monocytic Origin Predominantly Express Proinflammatory Cytokine Genes, Whereas Kupffer Cells Predominantly Express Anti-Inflammatory Cytokine Genes.
Anastasia LokhoninaAndrey V ElchaninovTimur Kh FatkhudinovAndrey MakarovIrina ArutyunyanMaria GrinbergValeria GlinkinaViktor SurovtsevGalina BolshakovaDmitry GoldshteinGennady SukhikhPublished in: BioMed research international (2019)
In the central nervous system and in the liver, the macrophage populations are represented exclusively by descendants of the hematopoietic progenitor cells of the yolk sac. The reasons for such differential distribution of macrophages are not fully understood. We found that, as can be judged by corresponding changes in the expression of CD86 and CD163 markers, the transient macrophages of monocytic lineage are more sensitive to activating stimuli. The two macrophage populations have distinct patterns of gene expression, which is particularly noticeable for M1- and M2-associated genes. For instance, Kupffer cells more readily develop and longer maintain the elevated expression levels of Il4, Il10, and Il13 upon the activation; by contrast, the macrophages of monocytic lineage express Il1b, Il12a, and Tnfα upon the activation. The obtained results allow us to conclude that the in vitro activated Kupffer cells of the liver are committed to M2 phenotype, whereas the in vitro activated monocyte-derived macrophages show a typical M1 behavior. These observations are likely to reflect the situation in the in vivo microenvironments.
Keyphrases
- induced apoptosis
- gene expression
- cell cycle arrest
- poor prognosis
- genome wide
- adipose tissue
- rheumatoid arthritis
- endoplasmic reticulum stress
- signaling pathway
- cell death
- dna methylation
- oxidative stress
- computed tomography
- single cell
- bioinformatics analysis
- endothelial cells
- immune response
- african american
- brain injury
- subarachnoid hemorrhage
- contrast enhanced