Bacterial Resistance to Antimicrobial Agents.
Manuel F VarelaJerusha StephenManjusha LekshmiManisha OjhaNicholas WenzelLeslie M SanfordAlberto J HernandezParvathi AmminiSanath H KumarPublished in: Antibiotics (Basel, Switzerland) (2021)
Bacterial pathogens as causative agents of infection constitute an alarming concern in the public health sector. In particular, bacteria with resistance to multiple antimicrobial agents can confound chemotherapeutic efficacy towards infectious diseases. Multidrug-resistant bacteria harbor various molecular and cellular mechanisms for antimicrobial resistance. These antimicrobial resistance mechanisms include active antimicrobial efflux, reduced drug entry into cells of pathogens, enzymatic metabolism of antimicrobial agents to inactive products, biofilm formation, altered drug targets, and protection of antimicrobial targets. These microbial systems represent suitable focuses for investigation to establish the means for their circumvention and to reestablish therapeutic effectiveness. This review briefly summarizes the various antimicrobial resistance mechanisms that are harbored within infectious bacteria.
Keyphrases
- antimicrobial resistance
- staphylococcus aureus
- biofilm formation
- public health
- multidrug resistant
- infectious diseases
- pseudomonas aeruginosa
- induced apoptosis
- randomized controlled trial
- escherichia coli
- systematic review
- candida albicans
- drug resistant
- microbial community
- gram negative
- acinetobacter baumannii
- hydrogen peroxide
- drug induced