Senescence-associated 13-HODE production promotes age-related liver steatosis by directly inhibiting catalase activity.

Aging is a major risk factor for metabolic disorders. Polyunsaturated fatty acid-derived bioactive lipids play critical roles as signaling molecules in metabolic processes. Nonetheless, their effects on age-related liver steatosis remain unknown. Here we show that senescent liver cells induce liver steatosis in a paracrine manner. Linoleic acid-derived 9-hydroxy-octadecadienoic acid (9-HODE) and 13-HODE increase in middle-aged (12-month-old) and aged (20-month-old) male mouse livers and conditioned medium from senescent hepatocytes and macrophages. Arachidonate 15-lipoxygenase, an enzyme for 13-HODE and 9-HODE production, is upregulated in senescent cells. A 9-HODE and 13-HODE mixture induces liver steatosis and activates SREBP1. Furthermore, catalase (CAT) is a direct target of 13-HODE, and its activity is decreased by 13-HODE. CAT overexpression reduces 13-HODE-induced liver steatosis and protects male mice against age-related liver steatosis. Therefore, 13-HODE produced by senescent hepatocytes and macrophages activates SREBP1 by directly inhibiting CAT activity and promotes liver steatosis.