Osteopontin (OPN)/SPP1: From its biochemistry to biological functions in the innate immune system and the central nervous system (CNS).
Elliot Yi-Hsin LinWen XiNupur AggarwalMari L ShinoharaPublished in: International immunology (2022)
Osteopontin (OPN) is a multifunctional protein, initially identified in osteosarcoma cells with its role of mediating osteoblast adhesion. Later studies revealed that OPN is associated with many inflammatory conditions caused by infections, allergic responses, autoimmunity, and tissue damage. Many cell types in the peripheral immune system express OPN with various functions, which could be beneficial or detrimental. Also, more recent studies demonstrated that OPN is highly expressed in the central nervous system (CNS), particularly in microglia during CNS diseases and development. However, understanding of mechanisms underlying OPN's functions in the CNS is still limited. In this review, we focus on peripheral myeloid cells and CNS-resident cells to discuss the expression and functions of OPN.
Keyphrases
- induced apoptosis
- cell cycle arrest
- blood brain barrier
- oxidative stress
- endoplasmic reticulum stress
- single cell
- immune response
- cell death
- signaling pathway
- bone marrow
- poor prognosis
- drug delivery
- inflammatory response
- cell proliferation
- binding protein
- cystic fibrosis
- cancer therapy
- patient safety
- pseudomonas aeruginosa
- neuropathic pain
- protein protein
- cell migration
- case control
- celiac disease