Evaluating Renal Stress Using Pharmacokinetic Urinary Biomarker Data in Critically Ill Patients Receiving Vancomycin and/or Piperacillin-Tazobactam: A Secondary Analysis of the Multicenter Sapphire Study.

After exposure to piperacillin-tazobactam and vancomycin in combination, there was a greater release of AKI biomarkers in patients who develop AKI than with piperacillin-tazobactam or vancomycin monotherapy and the combination is associated with possible increased long-term adverse outcomes.