Since the outbreak of the COVID-19 pandemic, the use of antiviral and other available drugs has been considered to combat or reduce the clinical symptoms of patients. In this regard, it would be necessary to choose sensitive and selective analytical techniques for pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic studies, monitoring of drug concentration in biological fluids, and determination of the most appropriate dose to achieve the desired effect on the disease. In the present study, the analytical techniques based on spectroscopy and chromatography with different detectors for diagnosis and determination of candidate drugs in the treatment of COVID-19 in human biological fluids are reviewed during the period 2015-2022. Moreover, various sample preparation and extraction techniques, are being used for this purpose, such as protein precipitation (PP), solid-phase extraction (SPE), liquid-liquid extraction (LLE), and QuEChERS (quick, easy, cheap, effective, rugged, and safe) are investigated.
Keyphrases
- solid phase extraction
- liquid chromatography
- tandem mass spectrometry
- molecularly imprinted
- high performance liquid chromatography
- liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry
- simultaneous determination
- high resolution mass spectrometry
- ultra high performance liquid chromatography
- mass spectrometry
- gas chromatography mass spectrometry
- gas chromatography
- coronavirus disease
- endothelial cells
- sars cov
- end stage renal disease
- high resolution
- induced pluripotent stem cells
- pluripotent stem cells
- chronic kidney disease
- ejection fraction
- prognostic factors
- emergency department
- peritoneal dialysis
- newly diagnosed
- drug induced
- patient reported outcomes
- respiratory syndrome coronavirus
- depressive symptoms
- binding protein
- atomic force microscopy