Improved free-breathing liver fat and iron quantification using a 2D chemical shift-encoded MRI with flip angle modulation and motion-corrected averaging.

• 2D CSE FAM-NLM is a free-breathing method for liver fat and iron quantification and viable alternative for patients unable to hold their breath. • 2D CSE FAM-NLM is a feasible alternative to breath-hold 3D CSE methods, with low bias in proton density fat fraction (PDFF) and no clinically significant bias in R2*. • Quantitatively, multiple repetitions in 2D CSE FAM-NLM lead to improved SNR.