Tissue-Specific Accumulation of Orally Administered Short- and Medium-Chain Chlorinated Paraffins in Honeybees ( Apis mellifera L.).

The prevalence and distribution of chlorinated paraffins (CPs) have been extensively studied in various matrices and organisms; however, there is a lack of information about insects, particularly in honeybees. To address this gap, we studied young honeybee workers exposed to short- and medium-chain CPs (SCCPs and MCCPs) at an environmentally relevant concentration of 10 mg/L for 7 days, followed by a 7-day elimination period. Results indicated that CPs could transfer into the head after oral consumption and SCCPs and MCCPs exhibited clear bioaccumulation trends: midgut > hindgut > head. An evaluation of congener group distribution patterns demonstrated that the dominant congener groups in all target tissues were C 11-13 Cl 7-8 and C 14 Cl 7-8 for SCCPs and MCCPs, respectively, consistent with the treated CP standards. In honeybees, a significant negative relationship was observed for the log concentration of MCCP congener groups and their log  K OW , but not with their log  K OA . Conversely, no such correlation was found for SCCPs. These findings suggest that honeybees have a high potential to bioaccumulate MCCPs, particularly those with a low log  K OW , and exhibit weak selectivity for SCCPs.