Translation and Cross-cultural Validation of the Turkish, Moroccan Arabic and Moroccan Berber Version of the 48-item Symptom Questionnaire (SQ-48).

We aimed to validate cross-culturally Turkish, Moroccan Arabic, and Moroccan Berber versions of the 48-item Symptom Questionnaire (SQ-48). Its psychometric properties were assessed in four samples: patients (n=150) and controls (n=103) with Turkish or Moroccan origins (n=103) and patients (n=189) and controls (n=463) with native Dutch origins. Internal consistency and discriminatory power of SQ-48 subscales across groups was adequate to high. However, immigrant groups scores on average higher than Dutch native groups, but there was full configural, metric and partial scalar invariance in the immigrant groups. Although the SQ-48 is a valid measure of psychopathology in immigrant groups of Turkish and Moroccan origin, their cut-off values should likely be higher compared to natives.