Considerations in the management of ocular toxoplasmosis in pregnancy: a review of literature.
Jose Carlo M ArtiagaCorrina P AzarconFaye D LevinaAlbert John BromeoBryan Vincent Q MesinaCheryl A ArcinuePublished in: Eye (London, England) (2024)
Ocular toxoplasmosis is the most common cause of infectious posterior uveitis. Available literature is still conflicting regarding the incidence of recurrence during pregnancy as various calculations were employed in the different published studies. Although earlier reports have suggested a difference in presentation and an increase in severity during pregnancy, newer studies appear to show otherwise. Further diagnostic testing, including serologic and intraocular fluid sampling, may be indicated to increase the diagnostic accuracy in this special population of patients. The management of ocular toxoplasmosis during pregnancy is challenging as the foetus is additionally considered in the choice of treatment. Traditionally preferred anti-toxoplasmosis regimens containing antifolate drugs, such as pyrimethamine and trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole, cannot be used routinely in pregnant patients, especially during the first trimester. This review includes literature on alternative treatments for ocular toxoplasmosis during pregnancy, including spiramycin and intravitreal treatment options.
Keyphrases
- end stage renal disease
- ejection fraction
- chronic kidney disease
- toxoplasma gondii
- prognostic factors
- peritoneal dialysis
- randomized controlled trial
- emergency department
- molecular dynamics
- systemic lupus erythematosus
- vascular endothelial growth factor
- diabetic retinopathy
- endothelial cells
- coronavirus disease
- optic nerve
- density functional theory
- preterm birth
- patient reported
- smoking cessation
- respiratory syndrome coronavirus