Morphological variants of silent bared-teeth displays have different social interaction outcomes in crested macaques (Macaca nigra).
Peter R ClarkBridget M WallerAnne M BurrowsEglantine Julle-DanièreMuhammad AgilAntje EngelhardtJérôme MichelettaPublished in: American journal of physical anthropology (2020)
These results indicate that nonhuman primate facial expressions share the human characteristic of exhibiting meaningful subtle differences. Complexity of facial communication may not be accurately represented simply by building repertoires of distinct expressions, so further work should attempt to take this subtle variability into account.