Determination of zolpidem phenyl-4-carboxylic acid and zolpidem 6-carboxylic acid in hair using gas chromatography-electron ionization-tandem mass spectrometry.
Nam Hee KwonSeon Yeong KimSung Ill SuhJin Young KimPublished in: Biomedical chromatography : BMC (2021)
A gas chromatography-electron ionization-tandem mass spectrometric (GC-EI-MS/MS) method was developed and validated for determination of the major metabolites of zolpidem, zolpidem phenyl-4-carboxylic acid (ZPCA) and zolpidem 6-carboxylic acid (ZCA) in human hair. The sample preparation procedure involves decontamination, mechanical pulverization, incubation, extraction and purification prior to instrumental analysis. The extracts were derivatized using hexafluoroisopropanol and heptafluorobutyric anhydride and analyzed by GC-EI-MS/MS. The linear ranges were 8-100 pg/mg for ZPCA and 16-200 pg/mg for ZCA, with the correlation coefficients >0.997. The limits of detection were 1.8 pg/mg for ZPCA and 1.7 pg/mg for ZCA. The recoveries ranged from 77.6 to 111.7%. The intra- and inter-day precisions were within 16.9 and 11.7%, while intra- and inter-day accuracies were -7.0-8.7 and -2.8-7.8%, respectively. The developed method was applied for the analysis of forensic hair samples obtained from suspected zolpidem abusers and the following concentration ranges were monitored: ZPCA 11.9-35.9 pg/mg and ZCA 16.6-21.8 pg/mg. The method proved to be suitable for picogram-level determination of ZPCA and ZCA in human hair.
Keyphrases
- gas chromatography
- tandem mass spectrometry
- solid phase extraction
- ultra high performance liquid chromatography
- high performance liquid chromatography
- mass spectrometry
- ms ms
- molecularly imprinted
- liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry
- liquid chromatography
- high resolution mass spectrometry
- simultaneous determination
- gas chromatography mass spectrometry
- endothelial cells
- high resolution
- pluripotent stem cells
- pulmonary embolism
- induced pluripotent stem cells