Cell-Wall-Degrading Enzymes-Related Genes Originating from Rhizoctonia solani Increase Sugar Beet Root Damage in the Presence of Leuconostoc mesenteroides .

Sugar beet crown and root rot caused by Rhizoctonia solani is a major yield constraint. Root rot is highly increased when R. solani and Leuconostoc   mesenteroides co-infect roots. We hypothesized that the absence of plant cell-wall-degrading enzymes in L . mesenteroides and their supply by R. solani during close contact, causes increased damage. In planta root inoculation with or without cell-wall-degrading enzymes showed greater rot when L. mesenteroides was combined with cellulase (22 mm rot), polygalacturonase (47 mm), and pectin lyase (57 mm) versus these enzymes (0-26 mm), R. solani (20 mm), and L . mesenteroides (13 mm) individually. Carbohydrate analysis revealed increased simpler carbohydrates (namely glucose + galactose, and fructose) in the infected roots versus mock control, possibly due to the degradation of complex cell wall carbohydrates. Expression of R. solani cellulase, polygalacturonase, and pectin lyase genes during root infection corroborated well with the enzyme data. Global mRNAseq analysis identified candidate genes and highly co-expressed gene modules in all three organisms that might be critical in host plant defense and pathogenesis. Targeting R. solani cell-wall-degrading enzymes in the future could be an effective strategy to mitigate root damage during its interaction with L . mesenteroides .