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Population genomics of post-glacial western Eurasia.

Morten E AllentoftMartin SikoraAlba Refoyo-MartínezEvan K Irving-PeaseAnders FischerWilliam BarrieAndrés IngasonJesper StenderupKarl-Göran SjögrenAlice PearsonBárbara Sousa da MotaBettina Schulz PaulssonAlma S HalgrenRuairidh MacleodMarie Louise Schjellerup JørkovFabrice DemeterLasse SørensenPoul Otto NielsenRasmus Amund HenriksenTharsika VimalaHugh McCollAshot MargaryanMelissa IlardoAndrew VaughnMorten Fischer MortensenAnne Birgitte NielsenMikkel Ulfeldt HedeNiels Nørkjær JohannsenPeter RasmussenLasse VinnerGabriel RenaudAaron SternTheis Zetner Trolle JensenGabriele ScorranoHannes SchroederPer LysdahlAbigail Daisy RamsøeAndrey SkorobogatovAndrew Joseph SchorkAnders RosengrenAnthony RuterAlan K OutramAleksey A TimoshenkoAlexandra BuzhilovaAlfredo CoppaAlisa ZubovaAna Maria SilvaAnders Johannes HansenAndrey GromovAndrey LogvinAnne Birgitte GotfredsenBjarne Henning NielsenBorja González-RabanalCarles Lalueza-FoxCatriona J McKenzieCharleen GaunitzConcepción BlascoCorina LiesauCristina Martinez-LabargaDmitri V PozdnyakovDavid Cuenca-SolanaDavid O LordkipanidzeDmitri En'shinDomingo C Salazar-GarcíaT Douglas PriceDušan BorićElena KostylevaElizaveta V VeselovskayaEmma R UsmanovaEnrico CappelliniErik Brinch PetersenEsben KannegaardFrancesca RadinaFulya Eylem YediayHenri DudayIgor Gutiérrez-ZugastiIlja MerzInna PotekhinaIrina ShevninaIsin AltinkayaJean GuilaineJesper HansenJoan Emili Aura TortosaJoão ZilhãoJorge VegaKristoffer Buck PedersenKrzysztof TuniaLei ZhaoLiudmila N MylnikovaLars LarssonLaure MetzLevon YepiskoposyanLisbeth PedersenLucia SartiLudovic OrlandoLudovic SlimakLutz KlassenMalou BlankManuel Ramon González MoralesMara SilvestriniMaria VretemarkMarina S NesterovaMarina RykunMario Federico RolfoMarzena SzmytMarcin PrzybyłaMauro CalattiniMikhail V SablinMiluše DobisíkováMorten MeldgaardMorten JohansenNatalia Ya BerezinaNick CardNikolai A SavelievOlga PoshekhonovaOlga RickardsOlga V LozovskayaOlivér GáborOtto Christian UldumPaola AurinoPavel KosintsevPatrice CourtaudPatricia RíosPeder MortensenPer LotzPer PerssonPernille BangsgaardPeter de Barros DamgaardPeter Vang PetersenPilar Prieto MartinezPiotr WłodarczakRoman V SmolyaninovRikke MaringRoberto MenduiñaRuben BadalyanRune IversenRuslan TurinSergey V VasilyevSidsel WåhlinSvetlana BorutskayaSvetlana SkochinaSøren Anker SørensenSøren H AndersenThomas JørgensenYuri B SerikovVyacheslav I MolodinVaclav SmrckaVictor MertsVivek AppaduraiVyacheslav MoiseyevYvonne MagnussonKurt H KjærNiels LynnerupDaniel John LawsonPeter H SudmantSimon RasmussenThorfinn Sand KorneliussenRichard DurbinRasmus NielsenOlivier DelaneauThomas M WergeFernando RacimoKristian KristiansenEske Willerslev
Published in: Nature (2024)
Western Eurasia witnessed several large-scale human migrations during the Holocene 1-5 . Here, to investigate the cross-continental effects of these migrations, we shotgun-sequenced 317 genomes-mainly from the Mesolithic and Neolithic periods-from across northern and western Eurasia. These were imputed alongside published data to obtain diploid genotypes from more than 1,600 ancient humans. Our analyses revealed a 'great divide' genomic boundary extending from the Black Sea to the Baltic. Mesolithic hunter-gatherers were highly genetically differentiated east and west of this zone, and the effect of the neolithization was equally disparate. Large-scale ancestry shifts occurred in the west as farming was introduced, including near-total replacement of hunter-gatherers in many areas, whereas no substantial ancestry shifts happened east of the zone during the same period. Similarly, relatedness decreased in the west from the Neolithic transition onwards, whereas, east of the Urals, relatedness remained high until around 4,000 BP, consistent with the persistence of localized groups of hunter-gatherers. The boundary dissolved when Yamnaya-related ancestry spread across western Eurasia around 5,000 BP, resulting in a second major turnover that reached most parts of Europe within a 1,000-year span. The genetic origin and fate of the Yamnaya have remained elusive, but we show that hunter-gatherers from the Middle Don region contributed ancestry to them. Yamnaya groups later admixed with individuals associated with the Globular Amphora culture before expanding into Europe. Similar turnovers occurred in western Siberia, where we report new genomic data from a 'Neolithic steppe' cline spanning the Siberian forest steppe to Lake Baikal. These prehistoric migrations had profound and lasting effects on the genetic diversity of Eurasian populations.
Keyphrases
  • south africa
  • genetic diversity
  • copy number
  • genome wide association study
  • electronic health record
  • single cell
  • randomized controlled trial
  • intellectual disability
  • body composition
  • artificial intelligence