Role of Probiotics for Recurrent UTIs in the Twenty-First Century: a Systematic Review of Literature.

A total of 9 articles (772 patients) met the inclusion criteria with a mean age of 34.2 years (range 18-65 years). A variety of different probiotics were used. Two studies concluded that probiotics could reduce risk of rUTIs; however, the remainder provided inconclusive results. A key advantage demonstrated, however, was the limited side effect profile and tolerance, which allows for good patient compliance with this treatment strategy. There exists only limited clinical evidence to support the role of probiotics in the management of rUTIs, and based on the current evidence, probiotics can be a potential measure to reduce rUTIs, although further randomised studies will help delineate its formal position in the treatment algorithm.