At the heart of microbial conversations: endocannabinoids and the microbiome in cardiometabolic risk.
Ramsha Nabihah KhanKristal Maner-SmithJoshua A OwensMaria Estefania BarbianRheinallt M JonesCrystal R NaudinPublished in: Gut microbes (2022)
Cardiometabolic syndrome encompasses intertwined risk factors such as hypertension, dyslipidemia, elevated triglycerides, abdominal obesity, and other maladaptive metabolic and inflammatory aberrations. As the molecular mechanisms linking cardiovascular disease and metabolic disorders are investigated, endocannabinoids have emerged as molecules of interest. The endocannabinoid system (ECS) of biologically active lipids has been implicated in several conditions, including chronic liver disease, osteoporosis, and more recently in cardiovascular diseases. The gut microbiome is a major regulator of inflammatory and metabolic signaling in the host, and if disrupted, has the potential to drive metabolic and cardiovascular diseases. Extensive studies have unraveled the impact of the gut microbiome on host physiology, with recent reports showing that gut microbes exquisitely control the ECS, with significant influences on host metabolic and cardiac health. In this review, we outline how modulation of the gut microbiome affects host metabolism and cardiovascular health via the ECS, and how these findings could be exploited as novel therapeutic targets for various metabolic and cardiac diseases.
Keyphrases
- cardiovascular disease
- risk factors
- healthcare
- type diabetes
- oxidative stress
- blood pressure
- risk assessment
- emergency department
- mental health
- physical activity
- weight loss
- microbial community
- insulin resistance
- gene expression
- transcription factor
- weight gain
- coronary artery disease
- adipose tissue
- body mass index
- human health
- case report
- bone mineral density
- health information
- fatty acid
- atomic force microscopy
- climate change
- single molecule