The role of transforming growth factor-beta in immune suppression and chronic inflammation of squamous cell carcinomas.
Alexander A StraitXiao-Jing WangPublished in: Molecular carcinogenesis (2020)
Despite a decline in the incidence of squamous cell carcinomas (SCCs) over the past 20 years, their survival rate has remained nearly the same, indicating that treatment options have not improved relative to other cancer types. Immunotherapies have a high potential for a sustained effect in SCC patients, but their response rate is low. Here, we review the suppressive role of transforming growth factor-beta (TGFβ) on the antitumor immune response in SCC and present its potential as a therapeutic target in combination with the current range of immunotherapies available for SCC patients. We conclude that SCCs are an optimal cancer type to study the effectiveness of TGFβ inhibition due to the prevalence of dysregulated TGFβ signaling in them.
Keyphrases
- transforming growth factor
- squamous cell
- epithelial mesenchymal transition
- end stage renal disease
- immune response
- ejection fraction
- chronic kidney disease
- newly diagnosed
- risk factors
- randomized controlled trial
- papillary thyroid
- systematic review
- peritoneal dialysis
- prognostic factors
- oxidative stress
- squamous cell carcinoma
- risk assessment
- toll like receptor
- free survival