The Role of Oxidative Stress Enhanced by Adiposity in Cardiometabolic Diseases.
Iwona ŚwiątkiewiczMarcin WróblewskiJarosław NuszkiewiczPaweł SutkowyJoanna WróblewskaAlina WoźniakPublished in: International journal of molecular sciences (2023)
Cardiometabolic diseases (CMDs), including cardiovascular disease (CVD), metabolic syndrome (MetS), and type 2 diabetes (T2D), are associated with increased morbidity and mortality. The growing prevalence of CVD is mostly attributed to the aging population and common occurrence of risk factors, such as high systolic blood pressure, elevated plasma glucose, and increased body mass index, which led to a global epidemic of obesity, MetS, and T2D. Oxidant-antioxidant balance disorders largely contribute to the pathogenesis and outcomes of CMDs, such as systemic essential hypertension, coronary artery disease, stroke, and MetS. Enhanced and disturbed generation of reactive oxygen species in excess adipose tissue during obesity may lead to increased oxidative stress. Understanding the interplay between adiposity, oxidative stress, and cardiometabolic risks can have translational impacts, leading to the identification of novel effective strategies for reducing the CMDs burden. The present review article is based on extant results from basic and clinical studies and specifically addresses the various aspects associated with oxidant-antioxidant balance disorders in the course of CMDs in subjects with excess adipose tissue accumulation. We aim at giving a comprehensive overview of existing knowledge, knowledge gaps, and future perspectives for further basic and clinical research. We provide insights into both the mechanisms and clinical implications of effects related to the interplay between adiposity and oxidative stress for treating and preventing CMDs. Future basic research and clinical trials are needed to further examine the mechanisms of adiposity-enhanced oxidative stress in CMDs and the efficacy of antioxidant therapies for reducing risk and improving outcome of patients with CMDs.
Keyphrases
- oxidative stress
- insulin resistance
- adipose tissue
- metabolic syndrome
- blood pressure
- type diabetes
- weight gain
- risk factors
- ischemia reperfusion injury
- diabetic rats
- cardiovascular disease
- dna damage
- high fat diet
- high fat diet induced
- body mass index
- coronary artery disease
- induced apoptosis
- skeletal muscle
- clinical trial
- anti inflammatory
- reactive oxygen species
- healthcare
- randomized controlled trial
- brain injury
- physical activity
- atrial fibrillation
- blood brain barrier
- heart failure
- coronary artery bypass grafting
- percutaneous coronary intervention
- weight loss
- hypertensive patients
- human health