Unable to move on their own, plants have acquired the ability to produce a wide variety of low molecular weight compounds to survive against various stresses. It is estimated that there are as many as one million different kinds. Plants also have the ability to accumulate high levels of proteins. Although plant-based bioproduction has traditionally relied on classical tissue culture methods, the attraction of bioproduction by plants is increasing with the development of omics and bioinformatics and other various technologies, as well as synthetic biology. This review describes the current status and prospects of these plant-based bioproduction from five advanced research topics, (i) de novo production of plant-derived high value terpenoids in engineered yeast, (ii) biotransformation of plant-based materials, (iii) genome editing technology for plant-based bioproduction, (iv) environmental effect of metabolite production in plant factory, and (v) molecular pharming.