Bovine lactoferrin increases the poly(I:C)-induced antiviral response in vitro.
Michiyo Kobayashi-SakamotoToyonobu MaedaMiyuki KimuraJunko YusaHiroshi ItoHideki TaniYasumasa KatoKimiharu HirosePublished in: Biochemistry and cell biology = Biochimie et biologie cellulaire (2022)
Bovine lactoferrin (bLF) is a naturally occurring glycoprotein with antibacterial and antiviral activities. We evaluated whether bLF can prevent viral infections in the human intestinal epithelial cell line Caco-2. To assess antiviral responses, we measured the levels of interferon (IFN) expression, IFN-stimulated gene expression, and infection with a pseudotyped virus bearing either severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) spike protein or vesicular stomatitis virus (VSV)-G protein after treatment of cells with both bLF and polyinosinic-polycytidylic acid, an analog of double-stranded RNA that mimics viral infection. Combination treatment of cells with both bLF and polyinosinic-polycytidylic acid increased mRNA and protein expression of several IFN genes ( IFNB, IFNL1 , and IFNL2 ) and IFN-stimulated genes ( ISG15, MX1, IFITM1 , and IFITM3 ) in Caco-2 cells. However, treatment with bLF alone did not induce an antiviral response. Furthermore, combination treatment suppressed infection of the SARS-CoV-2 pseudotyped virus more efficiently than did bLF treatment alone, even though combination treatment increased the expression of mRNA encoding ACE2. These results indicate that bLF increases the antiviral response associated with the double-stranded RNA-stimulated signaling pathway. Our results also suggest that bLF and double-stranded RNA analogs can be used to treat viral infections, including those caused by SARS-CoV-2.
Keyphrases
- sars cov
- respiratory syndrome coronavirus
- gene expression
- induced apoptosis
- binding protein
- signaling pathway
- immune response
- poor prognosis
- cell cycle arrest
- oxidative stress
- dna methylation
- combination therapy
- epithelial mesenchymal transition
- cell death
- long non coding rna
- endoplasmic reticulum stress
- molecular docking
- essential oil