In Vitro Effects of Live and Heat-Inactivated Bifidobacterium animalis Subsp. Lactis, BB-12 and Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG on Caco-2 Cells.
Vivian M Castro-HerreraChristine RasmussenAnja WellejusElizabeth A MilesPhilip C CalderPublished in: Nutrients (2020)
Probiotic-host interaction can be cell-to-cell or through metabolite production. Dead (inactive) organisms could interact with the host, leading to local effects and possible health benefits. This research examined the effects of live and heat-inactivated Bifidobacterium animalis subsp. lactis, BB-12 (BB-12) and Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG (LGG) on cultured Caco-2 cells focusing on epithelial integrity and production of inflammatory mediators. Live organisms increased transepithelial electrical resistance (TEER), a barrier-integrity marker, with LGG having a greater effect than BB-12. When mildly heat-treated, both organisms had a more modest effect on TEER than when alive. When they were heat-inactivated, both organisms had only a limited effect on TEER. Neither live nor heat-inactivated organisms affected production of six inflammatory mediators produced by Caco-2 cells compared to control conditions. Pre-treatment with heat-inactivated LGG or BB-12 did not alter the decline in TEER caused by exposure to an inflammatory cocktail of cytokines. However, pre-treatment of Caco-2 cells with heat-inactivated organisms alone or their combination decreased the production of interleukin (IL)-6, IL-18, and vascular endothelial growth factor. To conclude, while the live organisms improve the epithelial barrier using this model, neither live nor heat-inactivated organisms directly elicit an inflammatory response by the epithelium. Pre-treatment with heat-inactivated BB-12 or LGG can reduce some components of the response induced by an inflammatory stimulus.
Keyphrases
- heat stress
- induced apoptosis
- gram negative
- growth factor
- cell cycle arrest
- oxidative stress
- inflammatory response
- vascular endothelial growth factor
- recombinant human
- single cell
- endothelial cells
- mental health
- cell therapy
- stem cells
- signaling pathway
- multidrug resistant
- combination therapy
- risk assessment
- public health
- pi k akt
- social media
- climate change
- mesenchymal stem cells
- smoking cessation
- bacillus subtilis