How is mechanobiology involved in mesenchymal stem cell differentiation toward the osteoblastic or adipogenic fate?
Dafna BenayahuYarden WiesenfeldRony Sapir-KorenPublished in: Journal of cellular physiology (2019)
Mechanobiology plays a major role in transducing physical cues from the dynamic cellular environment into biochemical modifications that promote cell-specific differentiation paths. Mesenchymal stem cells in the bone marrow or in other mesenchymal tissues will differentiate according to the expression of transcription factors (TFs) that govern their lineage commitment. The favoring of either osteogenic or adipogenic differentiation relies on TF expression as well as mechanical properties of the cells' niche that are translated into the activation of certain signaling pathways. Physical factors can induce significant shifts in bipotential lineage commitment between osteogenesis and adipogenesis. The stiffness of the extracellular matrix (ECM) surrounding a cell, varying greatly from rigid environments close to the bone surface to softer regions in the bone marrow, can influence the path of differentiation. Additionally, mechanical loading through exercise appears to favor osteogenesis whereas disuse conditions seem to promote adipogenesis.
Keyphrases
- bone marrow
- mesenchymal stem cells
- extracellular matrix
- single cell
- cell therapy
- poor prognosis
- umbilical cord
- physical activity
- induced apoptosis
- transcription factor
- signaling pathway
- mental health
- cell fate
- gene expression
- stem cells
- metabolic syndrome
- binding protein
- bone mineral density
- oxidative stress
- long non coding rna
- bone regeneration
- high fat diet induced
- cell cycle arrest
- adipose tissue
- endoplasmic reticulum stress
- angiotensin ii
- dna binding
- body composition
- insulin resistance
- type diabetes