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Toll-like receptor 9 antagonizes antibody affinity maturation.

Munir AkkayaBillur AkkayaAnn S KimPietro MiozzoHaewon SohnMirna PenaAlexander S RoeslerBrandon P TheallTravis HenkeJuraj KabatJinghua LuDavid W DorwardEric DahlstromJeff SkinnerLouis H MillerSusan K Pierce
Published in: Nature immunology (2018)
Key events in T cell-dependent antibody responses, including affinity maturation, are dependent on the B cell's presentation of antigen to helper T cells at critical checkpoints in germinal-center formation in secondary lymphoid organs. Here we found that signaling via Toll-like receptor 9 (TLR9) blocked the ability of antigen-specific B cells to capture, process and present antigen and to activate antigen-specific helper T cells in vitro. In a mouse model in vivo and in a human clinical trial, the TLR9 agonist CpG enhanced the magnitude of the antibody response to a protein vaccine but failed to promote affinity maturation. Thus, TLR9 signaling might enhance antibody titers at the expense of the ability of B cells to engage in germinal-center events that are highly dependent on B cells' capture and presentation of antigen.
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