Evaluating insecticide coverage in almond and pistachio for control of navel orangeworm (Amyelois transitella) (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae).

Coverage was best at or below the recommended speed of 3.2 kph and improved when water volume increased. There was a 50% loss in insecticide efficacy at the height of 4-4.8 m; we suggest that future monitoring concentrate on this portion of the canopy. The best ground application provided uniform deposition throughout the canopy, whereas the applications by air were most effective in the upper canopy. The use of filter paper can provide information for chemical deposition and enable contact toxicity bioassays, whereas water-sensitive paper cannot do this. Published 2018. This article is a U.S. Government work and is in the public domain in the USA.