Reduction of gender-associated M2-like tumor-associated macrophages in the tumor microenvironment of patients with pancreatic cancer after neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy.

Female gender was an independent prognostic factor possibly due to the greater reduction in CD204+ TAM infiltration in tumors after NACRT. The beneficial effects of NACRT on TAMs' infiltration might be associated with gender-dependent IRF-5 expression.