Enterolignan Production in a Flaxseed Intervention Study in Postmenopausal US Women of African Ancestry and European Ancestry.
Susan E McCannMeredith A J HullarDavid L TritchlerEduardo Cortes-GomezSong YaoWarren DavisTracey O'ConnorDeborah ErwinLilian U ThompsonLi YanJohanna W LampePublished in: Nutrients (2021)
Lignans are phytochemicals studied extensively as dietary factors in chronic disease etiology. Our goal was to examine associations between the gut microbiota and lignan metabolism and whether these associations differ by ethnicity. We conducted a flaxseed (FS) dietary intervention in 252 healthy, postmenopausal women of African ancestry (AA) and European ancestry (EA). Participants consumed ~10 g/d ground flaxseed for 6 weeks and provided overnight urine collections and fecal samples before and after intervention. The gut microbiota was characterized using 16S rRNA gene sequencing and differences in microbial community composition compared by ethnicity and intervention status. We observed a significant difference in the composition of the microbiota measured as beta diversity (p < 0.05) between AA and EA at baseline that was attenuated with FS consumption. Genera that were significantly associated with ENL production (e.g., Klebsiella, Lactobacillus, Slackia, Senegalimassilia) were unique to each group. Bacteria (e.g., Fusobacteria, Pyramidobacter and Odoribacter) previously associated with colorectal cancer and cardiovascular disease, both diet-related chronic diseases, were unique to either AA or EA and were significantly reduced in the FS intervention. This study suggests that ethnic variation in ENL metabolism may be linked to gut microbiota composition, and its impact on disease risk deserves future investigation.
Keyphrases
- randomized controlled trial
- microbial community
- postmenopausal women
- cardiovascular disease
- bone mineral density
- type diabetes
- genome wide association study
- copy number
- polycystic ovary syndrome
- multidrug resistant
- adipose tissue
- pregnant women
- weight loss
- skeletal muscle
- dna methylation
- gestational age
- cervical cancer screening