There is a weak evidence base (level IV) for a survival benefit of PM for OS in pediatric patients likely due to selection bias of "favorable cases." The included studies many of which detailed outdated treatment protocols were not designed in their reporting to specifically address the questions directly. A randomized controlled trial-while ethically challenging in a pediatric population-incorporating modern OS chemotherapy protocols is needed to crucially address any "survival benefit."
Keyphrases
- case control
- air pollution
- young adults
- free survival
- pulmonary hypertension
- particulate matter
- randomized controlled trial
- emergency department
- heavy metals
- squamous cell carcinoma
- type diabetes
- adipose tissue
- adverse drug
- risk assessment
- metabolic syndrome
- glycemic control
- radiation therapy
- rectal cancer
- chemotherapy induced