Heart failure and diabetes: Understanding the bidirectional relationship.
Chukwuka ElenduDependable C AmaechiTochi C ElenduManizha AshnaJennifer Ross-ComptisSandra O AnsongEmmanuel O EgbunuGeraldine C OkaforKlein A JingwaAkinbayo A AkintundeChidinma M OgahMelissa O EdekoAyodeji V IbitoyeMojetoluwa O OgunseyeChisom E Alakwe-OjimbaEunice K OmeludikeChibuike A OguineRechner N AfuhClinton A OlawuniOnyekachukwu R EkwemBoluwatife A OyedeleErica I PiusMercy O AsekhaunoJohn A LadeleChinonso B OkoroBrandon C Monika PouekouaJoseph S AdenikinjuChigozirim M Agu-BenOoreofe AborisadePublished in: Medicine (2023)
Heart failure and diabetes mellitus are 2 common and closely intertwined chronic conditions that often coexist in individuals. The relationship between heart failure and diabetes is bidirectional, meaning that each condition can influence the development and progression of the other. Understanding this complex interplay is crucial for optimizing the management and outcomes of patients with these comorbidities. This review comprehensively analyzed the literature to examine the bidirectional relationship between heart failure and diabetes. We searched various electronic databases and included studies that explored the pathophysiological mechanisms, epidemiology, clinical implications, and therapeutic considerations associated with this relationship. The bidirectional relationship between heart failure and diabetes is multifactorial and involves several interconnected mechanisms. Diabetes is a recognized risk factor for heart failure, increasing the risk of its development and accelerating its progression. On the other hand, heart failure can contribute to the development of insulin resistance and worsen glycemic control in patients with diabetes. Shared risk factors, such as obesity, hypertension, and dyslipidemia, contribute to development of both conditions. Additionally, hyperglycemia, insulin resistance, chronic inflammation, oxidative stress, and mitochondrial dysfunction play significant roles in the pathogenesis of heart failure in individuals with diabetes. The bidirectional relationship between heart failure and diabetes has important clinical implications. Patients with heart failure and diabetes have worse outcomes, including higher hospitalization rates, morbidity, and mortality, than those without diabetes. Optimal management strategies should target both conditions simultaneously, focusing on lifestyle modifications, pharmacotherapy, glycemic control, and cardiovascular risk reduction.
Keyphrases
- glycemic control
- heart failure
- type diabetes
- insulin resistance
- blood glucose
- cardiovascular disease
- weight loss
- left ventricular
- oxidative stress
- metabolic syndrome
- risk factors
- atrial fibrillation
- acute heart failure
- adipose tissue
- cardiac resynchronization therapy
- high fat diet
- blood pressure
- skeletal muscle
- polycystic ovary syndrome
- signaling pathway
- high fat diet induced
- systematic review
- physical activity
- drug induced
- advanced cancer