Genome-Wide Identification and Expression Analysis Reveals the B3 Superfamily Involved in Embryogenesis and Hormone Responses in Dimocarpus longan Lour.

B3 family transcription factors play an essential regulatory role in plant growth and development processes. This study performed a comprehensive analysis of the B3 family transcription factor in longan ( Dimocarpus longan Lour.), and a total of 75 DlB3 genes were identified. DlB3 genes were unevenly distributed on the 15 chromosomes of longan. Based on the protein domain similarities and functional diversities, the DlB3 family was further clustered into four subgroups (ARF, RAV, LAV, and REM). Bioinformatics and comparative analyses of B3 superfamily expression were conducted in different light and with different temperatures and tissues, and early somatic embryogenesis (SE) revealed its specific expression profile and potential biological functions during longan early SE. The qRT-PCR results indicated that DlB3 family members played a crucial role in longan SE and zygotic embryo development. Exogenous treatments of 2,4-D (2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid), NPA (N-1-naphthylphthalamic acid), and PP 333 (paclobutrazol) could significantly inhibit the expression of the DlB3 family. Supplementary ABA (abscisic acid), IAA (indole-3-acetic acid), and GA 3 (gibberellin) suppressed the expressions of DlLEC2 , DlARF16 , DlTEM1 , DlVAL2 , and DlREM40 , but DlFUS3 , DlARF5 , and DlREM9 showed an opposite trend. Furthermore, subcellular localization indicated that DlLEC2 and DlFUS3 were located in the nucleus, suggesting that they played a role in the nucleus. Therefore, DlB3s might be involved in complex plant hormone signal transduction pathways during longan SE and zygotic embryo development.