Sleep deficiency among people living with human immunodeficiency virus: A growing challenge.

Sleep deficiency is a common problem among PLWH and is likely underdiagnosed, although more high-quality research is needed in this area. Sleep quality has received the most attention in the literature via methodologies that assess subjective/self-reported sleep quality, objective sleep quality or both. There is significantly less research on sleep duration and minimal research on sleep timing. Use of certain antiretroviral therapy drugs may be associated with sleep deficiency for some individuals. Future research should utilize larger, longitudinal studies with consistent, comprehensive and validated methods to assess both subjective and objective measures of sleep deficiency to better understand the prevalence, correlates and clinical implications of sleep deficiency in PLWH.