Multiple cell death modalities and immune response in pulpitis.

Our findings uncover distinct patterns of mixed cell death at different histological stages of human pulpitis and the impact of pulpitis on the number and activity of BM neutrophils. Notably, NETosis occurs specifically and predominates in the abscess area of pulpitis, suggesting a potential effect of neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) on pulpitis progression and NETs-targeted diagnostic strategy may play a role in decision making for vital pulp therapy.