T-cell immunoglobulin and ITIM domain, as a potential immune checkpoint target for immunotherapy of colorectal cancer.
Mehrdad FathiInna PustokhinaSergey V KuznetsovMars KhayrullinMohammad Hojjat-FarsangiVahid KarpishehAli JaliliFarhad Jadidi-NiaraghPublished in: IUBMB life (2021)
The importance of the tumor microenvironment in cancer progression has been well studied for many years. Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) are regarded as potential strategies in enhancing the immune responses in patients with cancer, particularly colorectal cancer (CRC). Notably, CRCs are extraordinarily heterogeneous and mostly are microsatellite-stable (MSS) or cold tumors, which means that the immune response is not usually as strong as that of foreign cells. T-cell immunoglobulin and ITIM domain (TIGIT) is a new immune checkpoint receptor overexpressed inside the CRC tumor-immune microenvironments. Moreover, several studies have shown that TIGIT in combination with other ICIs and/or conventional treatments, can lead to a robust anti-tumor response in CRC. This review looks deep inside TIGIT expression patterns, their various functions, and possible immunotherapy strategies to increase survival rates and decrease immune-related adverse events.
Keyphrases
- immune response
- induced apoptosis
- poor prognosis
- toll like receptor
- dendritic cells
- cell cycle arrest
- human health
- binding protein
- papillary thyroid
- squamous cell carcinoma
- oxidative stress
- risk assessment
- young adults
- long non coding rna
- signaling pathway
- childhood cancer
- free survival
- inflammatory response
- climate change