Normal Reference Values for Mitral Annular Plane Systolic Excursion by M-mode and Speckle-Tracking Echocardiography: A Prospective, Multicenter, Population-Based Study.

Normal MAPSE reference values were established based on age and sex. Blood pressure, heart rate, and LV volume are potential factors that influence MAPSE and should be considered in clinical practice. Normal values are useful for evaluating the LV longitudinal systolic function, especially in patients with poor image quality, and may further facilitate the use of MAPSE in routine assessments.