The landscape of systemic therapy for early stage triple-negative breast cancer.

The landscape of early TNBC treatment is rapidly evolving, which has given rise to the introduction of ICIs and PARP inhibitors into the systemic therapy. Despite modest improvement in the pathologic complete response (pCR) rate, ICI plus chemotherapy significantly improves long-term outcomes and is now used in (neo)adjuvant treatment of patients with TNBC and high risk for disease recurrence. Capecitabine remains the standard adjuvant treatment for residual disease, with olaparib being an option for patients with germline BRCA1/2 mutations. Early detection of minimal residual disease may identify patients requiring additional therapy to prevent recurrence.