Factors associated with HIV testing among women during pregnancy in Kenya: evidence from the Kenya Demographic and Health Survey 2014.

This study examined the factors affecting HIV testing among women during pregnancy while on ANC visits in Kenya, using the 2014 Kenya Demographic and Health Survey data. The sample included 3,747 (weighted N = 36,626) pregnant women who gave birth in last two years. Survey-weighted bivariate and multivariable analyses were performed. More than four-fifths (83.9%) of the participants reported that they had an HIV test during ANC visits in last two years. In the adjusted model, married (Adjusted Odds Ratio [aOR]:1.48, 95% Confidence Interval [95% CI]:1.06, 2.06, p < 0.001) than not in a union, having HIV counselling (aOR:1.89, 95% CI: 1.39, 2.56, p < 0.001), higher knowledge on HIV transmission (aOR:1.19, 95% CI: 1.05, 1.34, p = 0.006), increased the likelihood of testing for HIV. While women who were ≥20 years, living in other regions except Nyanza and Nairobi than people living in Coastal region, and who had higher HIV-related stigma (OR:0.83, 95%CI:0.73, 0.94, p = 0.004) had less chance of being tested. These findings have implications on the successful utilization of ANC services in resource limited regions. Culturally appropriate health education can influence cultural norms and enhance timely access of ANC services among women during pregnancy.