Organoids are tissue cultures formed by culturing cells in three-dimensional environments that simulate the physiological or pathological conditions of the human body. The cultivation of organoids is used to study the temporal and spatial transformation of cells during the development of tissues or organs, to investigate changes in cellular functions and inter-communications caused by various risk factors, and to discover potential therapeutic targets. This article provided an overview of the cultivation and identification methods of alveolar organoids, as well as the research progress in their application to common respiratory diseases such as pulmonary fibrosis, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, viral pneumonia, and so on. The limitations and future applications of alveolar organoids are also analyzed and discussed.
Keyphrases
- induced pluripotent stem cells
- induced apoptosis
- chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
- risk factors
- cell cycle arrest
- pulmonary fibrosis
- endothelial cells
- endoplasmic reticulum stress
- sars cov
- cell death
- oxidative stress
- risk assessment
- intensive care unit
- human health
- extracorporeal membrane oxygenation
- lung function
- pi k akt
- pluripotent stem cells