Sarcoplasmic Reticulum Ca 2+ Buffer Proteins: A Focus on the Yet-To-Be-Explored Role of Sarcalumenin in Skeletal Muscle Health and Disease.
Elena ConteGiorgia DinoiPaola ImbriciAnnamaria De LucaAntonella LiantonioPublished in: Cells (2023)
Sarcalumenin (SAR) is a luminal Ca 2+ buffer protein with high capacity but low affinity for calcium binding found predominantly in the longitudinal sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR) of fast- and slow-twitch skeletal muscles and the heart. Together with other luminal Ca 2+ buffer proteins, SAR plays a critical role in modulation of Ca 2+ uptake and Ca 2+ release during excitation-contraction coupling in muscle fibers. SAR appears to be important in a wide range of other physiological functions, such as Sarco-Endoplasmic Reticulum Calcium ATPase (SERCA) stabilization, Store-Operated-Calcium-Entry (SOCE) mechanisms, muscle fatigue resistance and muscle development. The function and structural features of SAR are very similar to those of calsequestrin (CSQ), the most abundant and well-characterized Ca 2+ buffer protein of junctional SR. Despite the structural and functional similarity, very few targeted studies are available in the literature. The present review provides an overview of the role of SAR in skeletal muscle physiology, as well as of its possible involvement and dysfunction in muscle wasting disorders, in order to summarize the current knowledge on SAR and drive attention to this important but still underinvestigated/neglected protein.
Keyphrases
- skeletal muscle
- endoplasmic reticulum
- protein kinase
- insulin resistance
- healthcare
- systematic review
- protein protein
- public health
- heart failure
- mental health
- working memory
- risk assessment
- type diabetes
- transcription factor
- drug delivery
- cross sectional
- climate change
- small molecule
- mass spectrometry
- sleep quality
- human health
- case control