Tris(1,3-dichloro-2-propyl) phosphate-induced cytotoxicity and its associated mechanisms in human A549 cells.
Yixing FengMing LiJie YinJiachen ShiQian JiangJing ZhangPublished in: Toxicology and industrial health (2024)
Tris(1,3-dichloro-2-propyl) phosphate (TDCIPP) is a widely used organophosphorus flame retardant and has been detected in various environmental matrices including indoor dust. Inhalation of indoor dust is one of the most important pathways for human exposure to TDCIPP. However, its adverse effects on human lung cells and potential impacts on respiratory toxicity are largely unknown. In the current study, human non-small cell carcinoma (A549) cells were selected as a cell model, and the effects of TDCIPP on cell viability, cell cycle, cell apoptosis, and underlying molecular mechanisms were investigated. Our data indicated a concentration-dependent decrease in the cell viability of A549 cells after exposure to TDCIPP for 48 h, with half lethal concentration (LC 50 ) being 82.6 µM. In addition, TDCIPP caused cell cycle arrest mainly in the G0/G1 phase by down-regulating the mRNA expression of cyclin D1 , CDK4, and CDK6 , while up-regulating the mRNA expression of p21 and p27 . In addition, cell apoptosis was induced via altering the expression levels of Bcl-2 , BAX , and BAK . Our study implies that TDCIPP may pose potential health risks to the human respiratory system and its toxicity should not be neglected.
Keyphrases
- cell cycle arrest
- cell cycle
- induced apoptosis
- endothelial cells
- cell death
- pi k akt
- cell proliferation
- oxidative stress
- high glucose
- induced pluripotent stem cells
- endoplasmic reticulum stress
- pluripotent stem cells
- human health
- signaling pathway
- stem cells
- air pollution
- particulate matter
- health risk
- diabetic rats
- machine learning
- emergency department
- deep learning
- electronic health record
- long non coding rna
- mesenchymal stem cells
- single cell
- tandem mass spectrometry
- high resolution
- artificial intelligence