Ultrasound-responsive gene-activated matrices for osteogenic gene therapy using matrix-assisted sonoporation.
N NomikouG A FeichtingerS SahaS NuernbergerP HeimelH RedlAnthony P McHalePublished in: Journal of tissue engineering and regenerative medicine (2017)
Gene-activated matrix (GAM)-based therapeutics for tissue regeneration are limited by efficacy, the lack of spatiotemporal control and availability of target cells, all of which impact negatively on their translation to the clinic. Here, an advanced ultrasound-responsive GAM is described containing target cells that facilitates matrix-assisted sonoporation (MAS) to induce osteogenic differentiation. Ultrasound-responsive GAMs consisting of fibrin/collagen hybrid-matrices containing microbubbles, bone morphogenetic protein BMP2/7 coexpression plasmids together with C2C12 cells were treated with ultrasound either in vitro or following parenteral intramuscular implantation in vivo. Using direct measurement for alkaline phosphatase activity, von Kossa staining and immunohistochemical analysis for osteocalcin expression, MAS-stimulated osteogenic differentiation was confirmed in the GAMs in vitro 7 days after treatment with ultrasound. At day 30 post-treatment with ultrasound, ectopic osteogenic differentiation was confirmed in vivo using X-ray microcomputed tomography and histological analysis. Osteogenic differentiation was indicated by the presence of ectopic bone structures in all animals treated with MAS. In addition, bone volumes in this group were statistically greater than those in the control groups. This novel approach of incorporating a MAS capability into GAMs could be exploited to facilitate ex vivo gene transfer with subsequent surgical implantation or alternatively provide a minimally invasive means of stimulating in situ transgene delivery for osteoinductive gene-based therapies. Copyright © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Keyphrases
- mesenchymal stem cells
- magnetic resonance imaging
- induced apoptosis
- bone marrow
- cell cycle arrest
- genome wide
- minimally invasive
- copy number
- contrast enhanced ultrasound
- gene therapy
- stem cells
- genome wide identification
- ultrasound guided
- cancer therapy
- high resolution
- escherichia coli
- endoplasmic reticulum stress
- small molecule
- poor prognosis
- oxidative stress
- magnetic resonance
- mass spectrometry
- bone mineral density
- drug delivery
- computed tomography
- multidrug resistant
- smoking cessation
- binding protein
- robot assisted
- electron microscopy
- network analysis